Henri jean joseph marie de regnauld de bellescize



HENRI JEAN JOSEPH MARIE DE REGNAUL D DE BELLESCIZE.

CIRCUIT RECEIVER. APPLICATION FILED'AUG. :4, ma.

lll lllllllllml 2 EQ Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

nnnnr Jenn Josnrn Mania DE nnerinn'rin DE BnnLnscIzE, or TouLoN, FRANCE.

, CIRCUIT RECEIVER.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PRUVISIONS OF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921 41 STAT. -L., 1313.)

Application filed August 14, 1918. Serial No. 249,910.

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, HENRI JEAN J'osnrn MARIE on REGNAULD on lfinnnnscrzn', a citi- Zen of the French Republic, residing 'at N0. 24, Rue Victor Clappier, at'Toulon, Var, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Circuit Receivers (for which I'have filed applications in France, Patent No. 495,316, June 26, 1917; in'Grer many, 47,955, July 11, 1919;in Great Britain, Patent No. 139.38%, Feb. 11, 1919; in Argentina, 16465, Aug. 14, 1919; I in lielgi'lnn, H. 188 4403, July 1, .1919;"in

Belgian Congo, 53 1, July 2, 1919; in Italy,

261/114 June 25, 1918; in Norway, 35,008, July 29, 1919; and in Brazil, 10,741, Sept.

lication.

An ordinary receiver mounting, such as shown on Fig. 1', comprises a closedcircuit LU conductively connected by' means of a self'induction c-with the self induction L of a second closed circuit LC', to the terminals of which the detector P and indicator Q are connected; the primary LC itself may be with 'a closed antennae, for example a frame, or an intermediate circuit actuated by other clrcuits not shown.

the self induction a and L due to the princi pal current I which circulates around the closed circuit LC, said latter creates on the secondary L'C two other parasitic" actions. The firstparasitic action is electrostatic; the self inductionc has, in fact, with respect to the self induction L, a slight intrinsic capacity C' shown in dotted lines; in order that this connection 0 have no effect it is necessary thatthe potential of the self induction a be stablized, which can not take place in an ordinary mounting. The second parasitic laction existing between the circuits LC, LC is inductive; in fact, by reason of the dissymmetrical position of the self induction a with respect to the main condenser C, and of the capacity, with respect to theground as well as with respect to the adjacent circuits, distributed along the primary, the self induction a 18 traversed, besides the normal current I, by a parasitic current 2' shown in dotted lines, and the inductive action of which on L can not be disregarded; this current 2' has an unknown period, difiering in all cases from the normal period common. to the two closed circuits. In addition to these two parasitic actions which it receives from the primary circuit, the secondary LC itself creates a third, due to the dissymmetry of the detector and indicator. devices; this is seen clearly on the drawing on "'Fig. 1, which shows, by way of example, a three electrode valve P, actuat- V in a tele hone while the netwo k d 23, 1919) of which the following is a speci- 1 b p r an the short wire connecting it to the armature a of the condenser C offer an altogether negligible capacity, the other armature m is connected to an assemblage (filainent, plate, sources S S5, telephone Q, op-

k a having the same amplitude, which is de- Flgs. 2 and 3 represent the same mountnoted, between these two points, by a new parasitic current affectingthe detector; it

amounts to the same as saying that to the closed oscillators LG and LC there is superposed a new open oscillator, formed, in the present example, by the assemblage LC, the connectionfC, the assemblage LC, the connection C" and the earth; this open oscillaton'generally greatly damped,

also has a new unknownperiod, differing afirst drawback which is common to these kinds of arrangements, viz, the impossibility ofrealizing tuning only with one pre-, determlned transmission, since the receiving circuits have several natural frequen cies. Moreover, such circuits are susceptible of being rendered oscillatory directly through the ground, whichrenders ineffective the devices in which the energy has to pass successively through various circuits, such as LC and LC, in which the sharpness of tuning has to be gradually increased; it is therefore impossible to eliminate in such a receiver very powerful waves of a different length from that of the waves which are to be received.

A second drawback refers to the closed circuits of radiogoniometric receivers. As pointed out above, the effect of the dissymmetry of the circuit is to superpose upon the main oscillation of the circuit, the oscillation corresponding to an open aerial having a certain height relatively to the ground. The result thereof is that when trying to find the direction of the waves which are received, the reception cannot be completely eliminated, and it passes through a minimum for a direction which is not exact. In fact, if the aerial receiver is assumed as formed by a closed receiving frame LC, the sound produced by a signal is nullified when the plane of the frame is orientated in such manner as to contain the lines of force of the magnetic field produced by this emission. In fact, if G indicates the angle which the plane of the frame makes with the field the electromotive force F induced in the receiver may be represented by the known expression F A sin Gr sin (mt+;t/) where A is a coeihcient proportional to the surface of the frame, (a is 21: the frequency, g the phase of the current in the closed frame. This expression is nullified for G-o; an indicator on the frame and perpendicular to its plane then points exactly in the direction of the emitter post. But if an open aerial (antenna) becomes superposed to the closed frame, the total E. M. F. developed in the circuit has the formula aerial circuits; such circuits are connected to earth in a dissymmetric manner which produces, besides the normal aerial, a. new open one non-directional and very damped; consequently, the circuits become more susceptible to being influenced by the disturbances of atmospheric or telluric origins which generally are also very damped and deprived of a natural frequency.

The present invention has for its object to remove the drawbacks referred to and it is hence proposed to render symmetrical the connections between the condenser C and the ground; and to nullify the two parasitic actlons which, in accordance with the above statement, are exerted between the primary LC and the secondary LC.

Figs. 2v and 3 clearly illustrate the new procedures set forth.

The symmetry of the connection between the condenser C and the ground is obtained as follows: Upon the connecting wire a is placed a combination D of capacities, resistances and self inductances which reproduces the characteristics of the apparatus and operator connected with the wire m. The compensation is effected either with re.- spect to the ground or with respect to Faradays cage, if. the receiving circuit is enclosed in such a cage. The combinationv D. varies according to the mounting; it is generally complicated; this is mainly due to the fact that certain apparatus, for instance the telephone, which effects a coupling between the operator and the ground have a.

capacity distributed along the windings, the impedance, of which also varies with the frequency of the oscillation. is always to be recommended to reduce to a negligible value the correspondingdissymmetry which is to be eliminated. For instance, the effect of the operator may be.

ground becomes a pure. capacity 0 due. to

the volume of the sources S, S it is balianced by placing on the other wire a a con they shall influence with the same cou sling the same part of the secondary coil in such a manner that the induction effects-batween aL and bL shall assist each other, for the normal current I. By reason of the symmetry the two; weak parasitic currents i and z' flowing to the ground or the Faraday cage Z are, one in the. same direction, the other in the opposite direction to the normal current I; the inductive actions of these parasitic currents on the secondary self induction L are opposed to each other and nullify each other.

Therefore, it

In a manner, the

lify the parasitic actions between the circuits, consists in stabilizing the potentialof the primary circuit; which is obtained by connecting one of its points suitably. .chosen to earth or with the Faradays cage Z, which protects the receiving system. The consequence thereof is that the electrostatic coupling effected between the self-inductances a, b and the secondary L is diminished or eliminated. Two different arrangements carrying this improvement into effect are indicated by way of example in Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings. In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 52, the middle M of the self inductance L of the primary circuit is connected" to earth, the potential of this point is constant; butthis is not generally strictly so, so far as the selfinductances a, b are concerned, since between them and the point M there are conductors in which appreciable electromotive forces may be induced; these conductors have, in

fact, a high self induction equal to. %;al-

though greatly reduced, the effect of the electrostatic coupling between the primary and the secondary circuits is not yet strictly nil. In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3, the potential of a point N immediately close to the secondary circuit is stabilized,

the disturbing effect is then reduced to a minimum; the primarycondenser G is arranged in the middle of the self-inductance L; it will be obvious that this arrangement requires certain special features of construction in order to attain its maximum eiliciency; in the case where similar precautions are justified, all the apparatus other than the frame L must be enclosed in a Faradays cage Z; no conductor which is intended exclusively for connecting with respect to the secondary, have a self induc tion extremely slight with respect to the total self induction L of the primary, so that the tension developed there is only a negli gible fraction in average application) of the total oscillating potential drop set in operation in the primary circuit. Consequently, no appreciable electrostatic effect will developbetween the primary and secdiffer entirely both with respect to the mode of carrying them into effect and with respect to the object in view, from those which are usually employed and which consist in earthing a certain point of a frame; in fact, this latter arrangement had till now the effect of increasing the dissymnietry of the primary aerial circuit; its object was for example, to facilitate the finding of the signals coming from unknown directions by suppressing the disappearance of the sound, which is produced for certain azimuths. In contradistinction thereto, the arrangements described in the present patent have the object of realizing a perfect symmetry in or der to obtain, for example, the total extinction of a disturbing transmission.

1. In the construction of radiotelegraphic receivers comprising a self inductor and a capacity forming an oscillating circuit in connection with an indicator circuit, a

method consisting of balancin the external tions may be distributedsymmetrically with respect to said capacity.

2. A receiver for wireless telegraph com prising a condenser, a closed circuit including a coil mounted in series with the condenser, and an indicating device connected to the terminals of said condenser; the con ductors connected to one of the terminals of the condenser comprising a combination of self induction coils, condensers and resistances the electrical characteristics of which reproduce the electrical characteristics of the apparatus connected on the other terminal of the condenser, so as to render the circuit exactly symmetrical electrically with respect to the condenser.

23. A receiver for wireless telegraphy com prising, in combination, a main condenser, a closed circuit including a coil mounted in series with this condenser, and an indicating device connected to the terminals of said condenser; a second small condenser being inserted between one of the terminals of the main condenser and the earth, and the capacity of the apparatus being connected to the other terminal of the main condenser so as to render the circuit exactly symmetrical electrically with respect to the main condenser. i

4. A closed circuit receiver comprising, in combination with a main self induction coil and a condenser in series therewith, a self induction acting as a secondary with respect to the'closed circuit; the two coupling coils being positioned symmetrically with respect to the condenser, the conductors connecting said coils to the condenser having the same electrical characteristics; saidcoupling coils being in addition identical with each other and operating with identical inductive connections on the same part of the secondary self induction, and the inductive effects of the coupling coils being additional.

5. A closed circuit receiver comprising, in combination with a main self induction coil and a condenser in series therewith, two connecting coils connecting the circuit inductively with a self induction playing the part of a secondary with respect to the closed circuit; the two connectingcoils being positioned symmetrically with respect to the condenser, the conductors connecting the coils to the condenser having the same electrical characteristics; said connecting coils being, in addition, identical with each other and operating with identical inductive con nect-ions on the same part of the secondary self induction coil and "their inductive effects being additional, and said closed circuit receiver being electrically connected to the ground in a completely symmetrical manner with respect to the condenser as well as with the connection coils.

6. A closed circuit receiver comprising, in combination with a main self induction coil and a condenser in series therewith, two connecting coils connecting the circuit inductively with a self induction playing the part of a secondary with respect to the closed circuit; said coupling coils being positioned symmetrically with respect to the condenser, the conductors connecting the coils to the condenser having the the same electrical characteristics; said connecting coils, in addition, being identical with each other and operating with identical inductive connections on the same part of the secondary self induction, the inductive effects of the coils being additional, and a ground wire leading from the circuit and arranged symmetrically with respect to the condenser and the connecting coils.

7. A closed circuit receiver, comprising, in combination with a principal self induction and a condenser in series with said self induction, two connecting coils conductively connecting the primary circuit with a secondary circuit comprising a self induction, a condenser in series with the self induction, and an indicator device connected to the terminals of this condenser, the secondary circuit moreover being exactly symmetrical, from an electrical view point, with respect to its condenser, the two connecting coils being positioned symmetrically with respect to the primary condenser, the conductors connecting the coils to this condenser having the same electrical characteristics; said connecting coils being in addition, identical with each other and operating with identical inductive connections on the same part of the secondary self induction, and their inductive effects being additional; and'said primary circuit receiver being electrically connected to the ground in a completely symmetrical manner with respect to its condenser as well as with the connecting coils.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

EENR! JEAN JUSEPH MARIE dc REGNAULD cle BELLESCIZE. 

